Intel Santa Rosa Preview: Centrino V Evolves
by Anand Lal Shimpi on May 10, 2007 12:00 AM EST- Posted in
- Laptops
The Santa Rosa CPU:
As with all Centrino platforms, Santa Rosa is the codename given to a combination of Intel components: CPU, chipset and wireless Ethernet. With Santa Rosa there's a new optional fourth component, now called Intel Turbo Memory but at one point it was known as Robson.
The Santa Rosa CPU is the same 65nm Merom based Core 2 Duo processor that was introduced last year with a few minor changes. The most noticeable change is that Santa Rosa CPUs can support up to an 800MHz FSB, up from 667MHz. The Core 2 Duo is a data hungry CPU, and thus giving it a faster FSB should improve overall performance when plugged in. A faster FSB is also necessary as Intel increases clock speeds; the faster your CPU runs, the faster it needs data to work on in order to operate efficiently.
Along with the 800MHz FSB, Intel introduced SpeedStep technology for its FSB. In previous Centrino platforms, the CPU could throttle its clock speed based on demand by simply adjusting its clock multiplier on the fly. For example, a 2.33GHz mobile Core 2 Duo runs at a 14x multiplier of its 667MHz FSB (166MHz clock frequency x 14.0 multiplier). Under light load, the CPU can reduce its clock multiplier while keeping its FSB frequency the same to reduce power consumption.
With Santa Rosa, Intel can throttle both the CPU multiplier and the FSB frequency in order to conserve the most amount of power when necessary. The FSB frequency can run at a full 800MHz or at 50% of its frequency, 400MHz. The ability to scale back FSB frequency means that idle power of Santa Rosa could actually be much better than previous Centrino platforms.
The product lineup hasn't changed too much with Santa Rosa, there are simply 800MHz FSB mobile Core 2 Duos in the mix now:
Other than that, there are no more changes to the CPU. You already get a good idea that Santa Rosa is the most evolutionary of Centrino platforms we've seen introduced just based on the relatively few improvements made to the CPU. Despite the minor changes to the CPU, Intel has introduced a new socket pinout with Santa Rosa, meaning that these new Merom chips won't work in older platforms and vice versa.
A new, old Chipset:
In Intel's recent tradition, last year's mainstream desktop chipset is now this year's mobile chipset of choice. The Intel 965 Express chipset is now offered in mobile form for use with Santa Rosa, and with it comes updated integrated graphics. As we discovered on the desktop, Intel's G965 graphics performance left a lot to be desired but we are not sure if things have improved since our initial looks at the platform as the test notebook Intel shipped us used discrete graphics.
From a mobile standpoint, the major new feature that the 965 Express chipset brings Centrino is a helpful reduction in power consumption. We originally described the improvement in our IDF coverage last year:
"In the Core 2 Duo's lowest power state, often referred to as Enhanced Deeper Sleep, all data in its cache is flushed to main memory and the cache is powered down to conserve battery life. Otherwise, if the memory controller is still handling memory requests, it will continually wake the processor up looking for data in its cache, even though the cache is empty."
The new 965 chipset goes through a handshaking process with the CPU so it knows when the Core 2 processor's cache has been flushed, thus knowing not to wake it up until it absolutely needs to. It sounds like a simple fix but it should result in reduced power consumption."
Obviously support for the 800MHz FSB is a necessary part of Intel's mobile 965 chipset lineup, but that goes without saying, and DDR2-667 is still the memory of choice for Santa Rosa; we won't see a move to DDR3 until Montevina in 2008. There's nothing more to see here, let's talk about wireless and Robson.
As with all Centrino platforms, Santa Rosa is the codename given to a combination of Intel components: CPU, chipset and wireless Ethernet. With Santa Rosa there's a new optional fourth component, now called Intel Turbo Memory but at one point it was known as Robson.
The Santa Rosa CPU is the same 65nm Merom based Core 2 Duo processor that was introduced last year with a few minor changes. The most noticeable change is that Santa Rosa CPUs can support up to an 800MHz FSB, up from 667MHz. The Core 2 Duo is a data hungry CPU, and thus giving it a faster FSB should improve overall performance when plugged in. A faster FSB is also necessary as Intel increases clock speeds; the faster your CPU runs, the faster it needs data to work on in order to operate efficiently.
Along with the 800MHz FSB, Intel introduced SpeedStep technology for its FSB. In previous Centrino platforms, the CPU could throttle its clock speed based on demand by simply adjusting its clock multiplier on the fly. For example, a 2.33GHz mobile Core 2 Duo runs at a 14x multiplier of its 667MHz FSB (166MHz clock frequency x 14.0 multiplier). Under light load, the CPU can reduce its clock multiplier while keeping its FSB frequency the same to reduce power consumption.
With Santa Rosa, Intel can throttle both the CPU multiplier and the FSB frequency in order to conserve the most amount of power when necessary. The FSB frequency can run at a full 800MHz or at 50% of its frequency, 400MHz. The ability to scale back FSB frequency means that idle power of Santa Rosa could actually be much better than previous Centrino platforms.
The product lineup hasn't changed too much with Santa Rosa, there are simply 800MHz FSB mobile Core 2 Duos in the mix now:
| Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Launch - Santa Rosa Merom | ||||||
| Processor | Core 2 Duo T7700 | Core 2 Duo T7500 | Core 2 Duo T7300 | Core 2 Duo T7100 | Core 2 Duo L7500 | Core 2 Duo L7300 |
| Process Technology |
65nm | 65nm | 65nm | 65nm | 65nm | 65nm |
| Cache Size | 4MB | 4MB | 4MB | 2MB | 4MB | 4MB |
| Enhanced Deeper Step Technology |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Processor Speed |
2.40 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
2.20 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
2.00 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
1.80 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
1.60 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
1.40 GHz/ 800 MHz Battery |
| Voltages | 1.0375 - 1.3V | 1.0375 - 1.3V | 1.0375 - 1.3V | 1.0375 - 1.3V | .9 - 1.2V | .9 - 1.2V |
| Bus Speed | 800MHz | 800MHz | 800MHz | 800MHz | 800MHz | 800MHz |
| TDP | 35W | 35W | 35W | 35W | 17W | 17W |
| Median Average Power | <1.1W | <1.1W | <1.1W | <1.1W | <1.0W | <1.0W |
| Pricing 1Ku | $530 | $316 | $241 | $209 | $316 | $284 |
| . | ||||||
Other than that, there are no more changes to the CPU. You already get a good idea that Santa Rosa is the most evolutionary of Centrino platforms we've seen introduced just based on the relatively few improvements made to the CPU. Despite the minor changes to the CPU, Intel has introduced a new socket pinout with Santa Rosa, meaning that these new Merom chips won't work in older platforms and vice versa.
A new, old Chipset:
In Intel's recent tradition, last year's mainstream desktop chipset is now this year's mobile chipset of choice. The Intel 965 Express chipset is now offered in mobile form for use with Santa Rosa, and with it comes updated integrated graphics. As we discovered on the desktop, Intel's G965 graphics performance left a lot to be desired but we are not sure if things have improved since our initial looks at the platform as the test notebook Intel shipped us used discrete graphics.
From a mobile standpoint, the major new feature that the 965 Express chipset brings Centrino is a helpful reduction in power consumption. We originally described the improvement in our IDF coverage last year:
"In the Core 2 Duo's lowest power state, often referred to as Enhanced Deeper Sleep, all data in its cache is flushed to main memory and the cache is powered down to conserve battery life. Otherwise, if the memory controller is still handling memory requests, it will continually wake the processor up looking for data in its cache, even though the cache is empty."
The new 965 chipset goes through a handshaking process with the CPU so it knows when the Core 2 processor's cache has been flushed, thus knowing not to wake it up until it absolutely needs to. It sounds like a simple fix but it should result in reduced power consumption."
Obviously support for the 800MHz FSB is a necessary part of Intel's mobile 965 chipset lineup, but that goes without saying, and DDR2-667 is still the memory of choice for Santa Rosa; we won't see a move to DDR3 until Montevina in 2008. There's nothing more to see here, let's talk about wireless and Robson.
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Cat - Thursday, May 10, 2007 - link
I thought Santa Rosa was going to have a low-power display mode that effectively used interlacing. Did I just imagine this?IntelUser2000 - Thursday, May 10, 2007 - link
Yea, LCD's twist pixel(something like that) to refresh screen, but on apps that doesn't require high refresh(like word for example) it'll lower the twisting rate.
Though I don't know if its in the system AT reviewed. I think this is probably the worst review Anand himself ever did.
mongoosesRawesome - Thursday, May 10, 2007 - link
I've read that the Santa Rosa CPU's can shut down one core in single threaded applications and overclock the other core in order to increase performance, all while maintaining the same thermal envelope.How much overclocking are we talking about? Is the performance increase tangible? Can you test this?
Does one core shut down in idle mode anyways?
IntelUser2000 - Thursday, May 10, 2007 - link
It clocks one speed bin higher(eg. 2.4 to 2.6GHz) when one core is idle(single threaded apps) and is available on non-extreme Core 2 Duo mobile processors.
coolme - Wednesday, May 16, 2007 - link
Can you provide more specifics? What exactly does it do? Increase bus speed? or increase multiplier? When exactly does the process kick in? Possible benchmarks?retrospooty - Wednesday, May 9, 2007 - link
that with all the hype about the flash memory dramatically improving speed, that Intel would allow pre-release benchmarking to be done without at least a solid explanation as to why it isn't any faster. I wonder whats up with that.Freddo - Wednesday, May 9, 2007 - link
In the CPU table on the 2nd page, what exactly is the Median Average Power value? How many watt the CPU use while it's on idle doing "nothing" and the OS is on?1W is very little, which is nice, and would give long battery times if one keep doing things that doesn't require much CPU power, like simple stuff in Word, Excel and so on.
If that's the case, the difference between the T and L series is much smaller than I expected too, considering the L CPUs have a noticeably lower TDP.
Or am I totally off the hook here?
IntelUser2000 - Wednesday, May 9, 2007 - link
Yea, you got the general idea of it. Intel isn't specific about it either. It's pretty ambigous claim. It's usually quoted as: "Average power consumption while doing typical tasks" or "Average power consumption while running mobilemark to simulate typical tasks". I'd guess it is office stuff like Word.
The Core 2 Duo chips on the Santa Rosa platform has enhanced deeper sleep power of 1.2W and the LV editions are 0.8W. I'd guess that's pretty close to what they are claiming. The more important power consumption figures are the ones in HFM/LFM mode. Santa Rosa platform adds Super LFM, and reduces TDP at that level significantly. This POS adobe reader won't load so I can't quote the figures, but the numbers are quite lower than the one based on Napa.
Freddo - Thursday, May 10, 2007 - link
Thanks for the info :)fehu - Wednesday, May 9, 2007 - link
Maybe this tecnology start working when vista know what are the most common used file and preload them on the robson module